Urinary Tract Infection NCLEX Review for Nursing Students

Written by Kristen Salisbury BSN, RN | 8-Aug

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI’s) are among the most common bacterial infections

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections affecting individuals of all ages, making them a crucial area of knowledge for nursing students.

Something I have personally experienced, plus treated many patients in the hospital with. As front-line healthcare workers, nurses play a critical role in identifying and managing UTIs, promoting patient comfort, preventing complications, and enhancing overall patient well-being.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent and often uncomfortable bacterial infections that impact the urinary system. These infections can target various parts of the urinary tract, including the bladder, urethra, and kidneys.

UTIs are characterized by symptoms such as a persistent urge to urinate, pain or burning sensation during urination, cloudy or bloody urine, and discomfort in the lower abdomen. While UTIs are generally not severe, they can become problematic if left untreated, potentially leading to more severe kidney infections.

Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment with antibiotics are crucial to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. Maintaining good hygiene practices and staying hydrated can also play a role in reducing the risk of UTIs. Overall, understanding the symptoms and seeking medical attention promptly can contribute to a swift recovery and continued well-being.

Overview of Urinary Tract Infection

1. Infection anywhere within the urinary tract (Kidneys → Ureters → Bladder → Urethra) leading to inflammation
2. Pathogens gain entrance via perineal area or via the bloodstream
a. Indwelling catheters – Catheter-Associated UTI (CAUTI)
b. Older males are more prone due to urinary stasis caused by an enlarged prostate

Nursing Assessment for Urinary Tract Infections

1. Urine will be cloudy, strong odor (pyuria), burning with urination, and urinary frequency and will increase
2. Confusion (altered mental status) and lethargy, especially in the elderly
3. ↑ Temp, ↑ WBCs
4. Urine cultures reveal bacteria

Therapeutic Management for Urinary Tract Infections

1. Urine and Blood cultures BEFORE antimicrobials
2. Antimicrobials
3. Antispasmodic for bladder pain→ Oxybutynin
4. Analgesics→ Pyridium specifically provides relief of pain and burning with urination

Nursing Case Study for Urinary Tract Infections

Patient Profile:

Name: Ms. Ally Johnson
Age: 30 years old
Gender: Female
Medical History: None reported

Presenting Symptoms:

Frequent, painful urination
Urgency to urinate
Lower abdominal pain and discomfort
Cloudy and foul-smelling urine

Medical Examination and Diagnostics:

Physical Examination: Ms. Johnson displayed tenderness in the lower abdomen
Urinalysis: Revealed the presence of leukocytes and nitrates, indicating a urinary tract infection (UTI).

Medical History:
Ms. Johnson had no significant medical history, but her symptoms pointed towards a UTI

Diagnosis:
Ms. Johnson was diagnosed with a lower urinary tract injection

Treatment Plan:

Antibiotic Therapy:
Initiated antibiotic treatment based on urine culture and sensitivity results
Fluid Intake:
Encouraged increased fluid intake to flush out bacteria from the urinary system
Symptom Management:
Administered analgesics to alleviate pain and discomfort
Patient Education:
Educated Ms. Johnson about UTI prevention, hygiene practices, and the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics.

Outcome:

With prompt medical intervention and nursing care, Ms. Johnson’s symptoms improved rapidly. Her urinary frequency and urgency decreased, and she reported less discomfort during urination. She completed the full course of antibiotics as prescribed and remained attentive to preventive measures.

Conclusion and Free Download For Your Urinary Tract Infection NCLEX Review

This Urinary Tract Infection review provides essential knowledge for confidently approaching the NCLEX. Understanding its prevention, management, and interventions empowers nurses to provide adequate care and save lives.

Looking for more must-know NCLEX review topics? Download our free eBook, "NCLEX Flash Notes: 77 Must-Know Nursing Topics for the NCLEX," by simply providing your email address below. I'll send you a complimentary copy straight to your inbox!

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Happy Nursing!

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